“中国制造2025” 解读: 推动高端数控机床发展

"Made in China" 2025 "lists CNC machine tools and basic manufacturing equipment as" strategic areas for accelerating breakthroughs ", which proposes to strengthen forward-looking deployment and key technological breakthroughs, and actively plan to seize future technological and industrial competitive manufacturing points, and improve the international Division of labor level and voice. The proposal of this strategic goal is determined by the strategic characteristics of CNC machine tools and basic manufacturing equipment industry and the characteristics of the development stage. We should carefully study and understand and thoroughly implement it.

1. CNC machine tools and basic manufacturing equipment have strategic industrial characteristics

1. Anchoring the global competitive position of China's equipment manufacturing industry

数控机床和基础制造设备是装备制造业的 “工作机器”。一个国家机床工业的技术水平和产品质量是衡量其装备制造业发展水平的重要指标。"中国制造" 2025数控机床和基础制造装备业被列为中国制造业的战略领域之一，主要原因是它对一国制造业的地位具有 "锚定" 效应，尤其是国际分工中的装备制造业: 数控机床和基础制造装备是制造业价值产生的基础和产业飞跃的支点，是基础制造能力的核心。只有具备坚实的基础制造能力，才有可能生产出先进的设备产品，从而实现高价值产品的生产。

2. Support the strategic needs of national defense and industrial security

在国防安全方面，数控机床和基础制造装备对于制造先进国防装备具有超越经济价值的战略地位。现代国防装备中许多关键零部件的材料、结构和加工工艺都具有一定的特殊性和加工难度。普通的加工设备和传统的加工工艺已不能满足要求。多轴联动，高速，高精度的数控机床可以满足加工要求。即使在全球一体化的今天，发达国家仍然对我国采取技术封锁和限制。产业安全方面，随着国内制造业升级步伐加快，以装备制造业为代表的高技术、高附加值产业与发达国家的竞争加剧。工程机械、电气机械和运输设备正在进入国际高端市场。但国内机床产品在加工精度、可靠性、高效性、自动化、智能化、环保性等方面仍存在一定差距，导致行业整体竞争力不强。

3. To meet the important support of the transformation and upgrading of the user field

目前，机床行业下游用户的需求结构呈现高端化发展趋势。许多行业将进行大规模、深层次的结构调整和升级。对高质量和高科技机床的需求迫切。总体而言，市场对中高档数控机床的需求正在迅速上升，用户需要更多高速，高精度，复合，柔性，多轴联动，智能，高刚度和大功率的数控机床。例如，汽车行业呈现量产、多品种、车型快速更新的发展趋势，新能源汽车发展加快，这就要求加工设备不断向精密化、高效化、智能化方向发展。在航空航天领域，随着民用飞机需求的快速增加和军用飞机的跨代发展，新一代飞机正朝着轻量化、高可靠性、长寿命、高隐身、多构型、快速响应和低成本制造等方向。新一代技术迫切需要更先进的加工设备来承载，航空制造装备正朝着自动化、柔性化、数字化、智能化的方向发展。例如，在致力于突破 "两机专项" 的航空发动机制造中，发动机叶片，整机壳体，叶盘等典型零件逐步向大尺寸，复杂型材，轻量化结构和精密制造方向发展，特别是高强度高温耐热合金等新型轻质材料的大量应用。这些整体结构件的几何构型复杂，加工难度大，对大扭矩、高精度数控机床提出了新的更高的要求。大型结构件和大型设备异地维修所需的可移植性或可移动多轴联动数控设备，这种用小型机床加工大型工件而无需固定底座和可重构组的加工方式，对结构设计提出了更大的挑战，新型数控设备的工艺规范和节能加工技术。

4. is the strategic high ground of the new technological revolution

新一轮科技革命所包含的智能制造、能源互联网和新一代信息技术创新等要素，为我国装备制造业的技术突破提供了牵引动力，也为装备制造业特别是高端装备制造业提供了巨大市场。机床行业是信息技术和工业技术的重要交汇点，行业本身对新技术具有较强的敏感性。它也是新兴技术扩散的主要来源。在新技术革命浪潮的推动下，机床行业集成创新趋势明显。世界领先的企业正在加速将新技术融入机床行业，网络技术和智能技术正在加速机床产品的集成应用。越来越多的国际知名机床零部件企业和整机企业正在加速数控机床新技术的集成应用。

5. The strategic fulcrum of the adjustment of the global manufacturing pattern

后危机时代，发达经济体纷纷重视自身实体经济的发展: 或继续推动新兴技术融合发展，推动产业技术高端化; 或通过重构产业链，让更多高附加值的生产制造环节和配套就业岗位回流当地。美国先后提出实施 "先进制造业伙伴计划" 和 "先进制造业国家战略计划"，发展先进制造业和技术; 德国提出工业4.0发展蓝图，并致力于以CPS为核心，以智能工厂为载体，发展德国工业4.0，定位为新一轮工业革命的技术平台; 日本公布了产业结构蓝图，确定了10个前沿技术领域，并以此为依托做强国内制造业; 英国、韩国、印度、台湾等地区也纷纷提出积极的战略和政策，推动数控机床等装备产业新兴技术的融合。机床行业一直是主要国家和龙头企业的重要战略布局点。未来制造业格局将发生变化和调整，尤其是对于全球汽车、航空航天、高端装备制造等高战略产业。机床工业是重要的战略支点。它在未来的竞争力杠杆中起着重要的作用。我国应加强对机床工具产业的重视，提前布局重点战略领域，争取制造业全球化竞争的有利地位。

2. industry upgrading trend is obvious

1. Break through key core technologies and form a batch of iconic products

In the aviation field, we have independently developed heavy forging equipment such as 800MN large die forging press and 120MN aluminum alloy plate tension drawing machine, which fills the gap in the overall forming technology of large-scale heavy parts in the domestic aviation field and provides a strong guarantee for the cross-generation development of military aircraft and the development of large aircraft. Among them, the 800MN large die forging press has realized the integral formation of more than 30 kinds of key titanium alloy parts in the aviation field, and the high quality aluminum alloy thick plate produced by the 120MN grade aluminum alloy wide plate tension stretching machine has been applied to the main bearing structural parts such as aircraft wings, thus getting rid of the dilemma that China's large aircraft aluminum alloy thick plate is completely dependent on imports.

In the field of automobile manufacturing, the large-scale fast and efficient CNC automatic stamping production line has won the batch order of the production line of the local automobile factory in the United States in the international bidding with the world-class enterprises, which has been recognized and respected by the international counterparts. At present, the domestic market share of automobile panel stamping line exceeds 70%, and the global market share has exceeded 30%, which has effectively promoted the autonomy of domestic automobile equipment.

在发电设备领域，36000吨黑色立式金属挤压机实现了1000MW超超临界火电机组用国产高端耐热钢大口径厚壁无缝钢管的自主生产。大型开合热处理设备生产了亚洲最大的核电整体锻造转子锻件，形成了大型转子的批量生产能力; 超重型数控立式车铣复合机床、数控重型桥式龙门五轴车铣复合机床、为第三代核电核岛、规规岛设备研制的超重型数控落地铣镗床、超重型数控卧式镗床、专用数控轴轮槽铣床等，解决了核电压力容器、吊篮的加工难题，热交换器、汽轮机汽缸、发电机转子和发电机转子等。

2. Optimization and adjustment of product structure and steady improvement of technical level

首先，高端装备水平迅速提高。目前，大型汽车板自动冲压线等10余种设备已达到国际领先水平，完全可以实现进口替代。高速龙门五轴加工中心等20余种产品基本达到国际先进水平，具有替代进口产品的水平。形成了具有自主知识产权的精密卧式加工中心和柔性制造系统核心技术。高速、复合等高端数控加工中心已完成阶段性研发，但功能性能和可靠性与国际先进水平仍有一定差距。其次，数控系统的阶梯前进。我国在中高端数控系统的研发方面取得了很大进展。2010以来，在航空航天、能源、船舶、汽车等重点领域积累了35000余台国产中高端数控系统，实现了进口替代。多通道、多轴联动等高性能数控系统产品打破了国外技术垄断，主要技术指标基本达到国际主流高端数控系统水平，实现了各种高速、精密数控机床的高档数控系统在重点军工企业实现小批量应用标准数控系统的研制实现了批量生产，国内市场占有率从10% % 提高到25% %。形成了多个工业生产基地。其中，广州数控设备有限公司已形成年产各类数控系统100000套的生产能力，居世界第二位。我国数控系统已初步具备了与国外同类产品的竞争力，实现了数控系统的批量出口。从2010 2014年，出口各类数控系统9600多套，其中五轴联动数控系统近700套。最后，功能部件的产品质量水平稳步提高，品种系列不断完善。国产功能部件已实现与机床主机批量配套; 刀具产品已基本具备为汽车行业提供现代化切削刀具的能力。数控系统、功能部件、刀具与数控机床主机的应用示范和批量配套，有助于形成完整的产业链，促进机床产业结构调整。

3. Independent innovation has been significantly improved and sustainable development has been guaranteed.

In recent years, the basic and common technology research of machine tool manufacturing has been continuously strengthened, and product development and technical research have been promoted simultaneously. The maturity of many key technologies such as reliability design and performance test technology of machine tool products and multi-axis linkage processing technology has been greatly improved. The research results of digital design technology have been applied in the design of high-precision CNC coordinate boring machines, vertical machining centers and other products. The software and hardware systems such as real-time dynamic comprehensive compensation of multiple errors and error compensation of embedded CNC system have been demonstrated and applied in many enterprises and products, so that the accuracy of CNC machine tools has been significantly improved.

High-end development of 3. industry has a long way to go

China's machine tool industry occupies an important position in the world machine tool industry system and the global machine tool market, but it still cannot be regarded as a machine tool power. Compared with the world machine tool power, China's machine tool industry still has a certain gap, especially in the high-end machine tool competitiveness is not strong. In addition, affected by the complex economic situation at home and abroad, the development of China's machine tool industry has returned to the new normal, and the requirements for the transformation and upgrading of the industry to the middle and high end are urgent.

1. International competitiveness needs to be improved

According to the consulting agency Gardener statistics, in the world's machine tool consumer market, China's machine tool exports in 2014 amounted to $3.3 billion, accounting for less than 5% of the world's total machine tool consumption, while Japan and Germany accounted for more than 10%. At the same time, a considerable part of the high-and mid-range CNC machine tools that are urgently needed in China rely on imports. For example, imported equipment in the automotive field accounts for more than 40%.

2. The development of key parts of the machine tool industry needs to be strengthened

Domestic functional components in terms of variety, quantity, grade can not meet the host supporting requirements, domestic mid-range supporting functional components market share still needs to be improved. The competitiveness of the supporting functional components industry needs to be rapidly improved.

3. Process validation and demonstration applications need to be strengthened

From prototype development to actual production application, CNC machine tools need to be verified by a large number of tests and continuous improvement in manufacturing process, reliability and precision retention, engineering, etc. At the same time, users need to provide process verification. And in the process verification and application demonstration is also a short board of the development of CNC machine tool industry in China.

4. High pressure on industrial development

全球机床生产和消费继续呈现萎缩趋势。美国加德纳公司公布的数据显示，全球机床消费2014年为753亿美元，仅增长0.3% 2013年。全球机床产量连续三年下降。全球机床产出2014年为812亿美元，下降3.1% 2014年。中国数控机床行业也持续承压运行，整体处于下行区间。2014，国内金属加工机床产量同比下降2% %，其中，金属切削机床产量下降1.7%，金属成型机床产量下降3.3%。与此同时，国内市场对进口机床的需求不降反升。2014，机床进口总额为177.8亿美元，比去年同期增加10.8%，其中金属加工机床进口108.3亿美元，比去年同期增加7.6%。这表明国内机床行业难以满足企业的高端需求，国内机床行业处于周期性压力和结构性压力的双重叠加之下。

4. speed up the strategic thinking of the industry to become stronger.

1. Promote the focused development of superior resources

On the basis of improving the independent innovation ability and market competitiveness of domestic CNC machine tools and basic manufacturing equipment, we will promote superior resources to focus on the two major fields of aerospace and automobile, focus on core equipment and key technologies, and focus on solving the bottleneck problems of key technologies such as performance reliability, stability and complete set of research and development equipment.

2. Promote the demonstration application of advanced products

Increase investment in the construction of application verification and application demonstration bases for key technologies and core equipment of machine tools and basic manufacturing equipment that are representative of user needs, can focus on verifying the application of key technologies and core equipment, and selectively support market-oriented product sets, high flexibility and intelligence Projects, focusing on solving the high efficiency and intelligence of equipment

3. Meeting the new needs of national strategies

Accelerate the development of national strategic development needs CNC machine tools and basic manufacturing equipment, further focus on the core equipment of national key projects, develop major products, and break through key technologies. Efforts to improve the technical level of numerical control equipment, breaking the national strategic equipment dependent on imports.

4. To build a complete machine tool supporting industry chain

Encourage and support CNC machine tools and basic manufacturing equipment mainframes, CNC systems and functional components and other industrial chain related units to form long-term and stable strategic partnerships, establish long-term supporting relationships between CNC systems, functional components and machine tool companies, and create a complete CNC machine tools and basic manufacturing equipment supporting industrial chain.